Gut bacteria tell the brain what animals should eat
Gut bacteria tell the brain what animals should eat. Credit: Gil Costa Neuroscientists have, for the first time, shown that gut bacteria "speak" to the brain to control food choices in animals. In sum, this study shows not only that gut bacteria act on the brain to alter what animals want to eat, but also that they might do so by using a new, unknown mechanism. Instead, the gut bacteria "seem to induce some metabolic change that acts directly on the brain and the body, which mimics a state of protein satiety," Santos says. "Our first hypothesis was that these bacteria might be providing the flies with the missing essential amino acids," Santos explains.Unlike humans, who host thousands of different types of bacteria, fruit flies have only five bacterial strains in their guts. Researchers found fruit flies with missing bacteria altered their behavior while on the nutrient-poor diet, seeking out protein-rich food. To test the relationship between gut and diet, researchers manipulated the microbial communities in groups of flies. "[Gut bacteria] seem to induce some metabolic change that acts directly on the brain and the body and mimics a state of protein satiety," Santos added. When researchers tested the relationship between gut and brain in fruit flies, they found certain bacteria can help the insect adapt to a poor diet and quiet cravings for more nourishing foods.
collected by :Lucy William
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